) en anglais mais (heureusement :sleep: ) pas long...J'ai relevé certains passages sur des études de terrain, notamment des processus d'islamisation tardive en Afrique:
(p.1)
a écrit :
Darfur, in western Sudan, was only partially Islamized during the 19th century.
Lidwien Kapteijns in "Islamic Rationales for the Changing Social Roles of Women in Western Sudan" (...) looks at the implications for women of fuller Islamization, a process that accompanied the spread of commercial capitalism and urbanization into western Sudan from the Nile Valley.
At the time, Islamic courts, which served new interests, replaced customary tribunals, before which women had appeared has plaintiffs, defendants, and witnesses in their own
right, without the need of male representation, and without the disability that their testimony count for half as much as a man's.
Along with the institution of Islamic practices, certain social practices were imposed on women in the name of Islam that were not prescribed by the religion - for example, segregation and seclusion.
These features characterized the life of the upper and middle classes in Middle Eastern cities, who did not want and need women to work outside the home.
In Western Sudan, the emergence of a new middle class of male traders and state functionaries, in a previously agrarian society where both sexes were primary producers, accompanied the imposition of segregation and seclusion on women.
(p.2)
a écrit :
Muslim societies took up the practice of segregation and seclusion in the cities of the Bizantine and Sassanian worlds they conquered in the 7th century.
Early in Islamic history, these practices came to be associated with Islam.